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suppression of cell mediated immunity. Aflatoxins were detected more commonly in urine from users in The Netherlands than from those in ,Merseyside. Aflatoxin B1, the most toxic aflatoxin, was detected in eight specimens from The Netherlands but only one from Merseyside; the most common aflatoxin detected in the specimens from Merseyside was aflatoxin MI, a less toxic derivative of B1. These variations may be due to differences in the quantity or quality, or both, of heroin or to a difference in the timing of the urine collection after the last heroin injection. Another possibility is that heroin addicts in The Netherlands have greater dietary exposure to aflatoxins than their counterparts in Merseyside. Control urine specimens were not available from The Netherlands. Because of the recognised susceptibility of drug addicts to infections like hepatitis and HIV infections and the immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxins in animals' our results indicate the need for further study of exposure to aflatoxins in heroin addicts.